Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common heart rhythm disorder characterized by a rapid, irregular heartbeat arising from the upper chambers (atria), which can cause palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath. It significantly increases the risk of stroke and heart failure, as blood can pool in the heart and form clots.
AFib is usually triggered by structural changes to the heart, electrical abnormalities, or damage from underlying conditions. Major risk factors include:
- Heart disease (congenital defects, previous heart attack, coronary artery disease).
- Aging.
- Obesity, sleep apnea, and heavy alcohol consumption.
Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation
Symptoms often include a fluttering or “fish flopping” sensation in the chest, extreme fatigue, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, yet remain at high risk for complications.
- Stroke: Risk is increased five-fold due to potential blood clots originating in the heart and traveling to the brain.
- Heart Failure: Occurs if the heart consistently fails to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
- Prognosis: While a chronic condition, management via medications (blood thinners) and procedures like ablation can often control symptoms, reduce stroke risk, and restore a normal rhythm.
Treatment Options
Treatment plans aim to prevent blood clots, manage symptoms, and restore heart rate/rhythm.
- Medications: Blood thinners (NOACs) for stroke prevention and medication to control heart rate.
- Procedures: Electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation to reset the heart’s rhythm.
- Devices: Left atrial appendage closure devices (like WATCHMAN) can be used for long-term stroke prevention.