Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3): This is currently the most heavily researched supplement for glaucoma. Large-scale Phase III clinical trials—such as those tracked by PMC—are evaluating its ability to boost NAD+ levels, fuel mitochondrial repair, and protect retinal ganglion cells from degeneration. Clinical evaluations often examine its usage under strict medical supervision due to potential liver changes.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Widely reviewed by eye specialists, Ginkgo biloba does not lower eye pressure but has been shown in clinical settings to improve ocular and cerebral blood flow, supporting the visual fields of some patients. Caution: It can increase bleeding risks before surgery or if taken with blood thinners.
Citicoline: Highlighted by publications like Ophthalmology Management, citicoline is an endogenous compound studied for its ability to stabilize nerve membranes, support visual function, and limit RGC death.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): CoQ10 is a powerful antioxidant essential for mitochondrial energy production. It is frequently recommended in eye health combinations to protect the optic nerve cells from oxidative stress and cell death.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA & DHA): Found in high concentrations in quality fish oil, omega-3s are recommended to improve microcirculation to the optic nerve and support systemic vascular health. Some studies suggest they may also help modulate eye pressure by aiding the eye’s fluid outflow.
Magnesium (Bisglycinate or Citrate): Magnesium acts as a natural calcium channel blocker that improves blood flow to the optic nerve. It also provides neuroprotection by inhibiting excess glutamate, a compound known to cause oxidative damage to retinal nerves.
Saffron Extract: Rich in active carotenoids like crocin and crocetin, regular intake of specialized saffron extract has demonstrated temporary anti-inflammatory and mild IOP-lowering effects in stable glaucoma patients.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA): This fat- and water-soluble antioxidant has been noted by the Glaucoma Research Foundation for its ability to scavenge free radicals and directly protect delicate retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress in lab models.
Forskolin: Extracted from a plant native to Southeast Asia, oral or topical forskolin is studied for its ability to reduce aqueous humor fluid formation inside the eye, which may complement prescription drops in lowering intraocular pressure.
Vitamin B-Complex (B6, B9/Folate, and B12): Clinical evaluations explore how combined B vitamins shield the optic nerve. Vitamin B12, in particular, helps lower homocysteine levels and prevent progressive optic neuropathies that threaten peripheral vision.
